905

Rhodri ap Hyfaidd is killed, the last of the Dyfed lineage

910

d. Cadell, Hywel Dda’s father

916

An attack at Crannog, Llan-gors

920

Hywel Dda begins his reign

927

Hywel Dda and other Welsh princes show allegiance to Athelstan in Hereford

c.930

‘Armes Prydain’ (The Prophecy of Britain) poem is composed

939

d. Athelstan, King of Saxons

950

d. Hywel Dda

1039

d. Iago ab Idwal, allowing Gruffudd ap Llywelyn to claim he is King of Gwynedd

1039

Gruffudd ap Llywelyn drives Hywel ab Edwyn from the south

1045

Brutal conflict between Gruffudd ap Llywelyn and new leaders of the south, Gruffudd and Rhys, Rhydderch’s sons

1055-1062

Gruffudd ap Llywelyn establishes his court at Rhuddlan

c.1055

b. Gruffudd ap Cynan at Swords village, County Dublin

1063

Earl Harold leads an army to Wales and burns Rhuddlan. Gruffydd escapes. Gruffydd killed by his own men. His head was sent to Harold Godwineson, who sent it to Edward Gyffeswr

1078

Rhys ap Tewdwr claims the southern region when his cousin, Hywel ap Owain dies

1079

The start of Rhys ap Tewdwr’s reign

1081

Capture and imprisonment of Gruffydd ap Cynan

1093

d. Rhys ap Tewdwr

1095

Gruffydd ap Cynan weds Angharad, Owain ab Edwyn’s daughter

1099

Cadwgan ap Bleddyn and Gruffydd ap Cynan return from Ireland

1101

d. Huw Dew, Earl of Chester

c.1115

b.Anarawd ap Gruffydd

c.1132

b. Lord Rhys

1132

Cadwallon ap Gruffudd ap Cynan killed at Nanheudwy by his cousins, Cadwgan ap Goronwy and Einion ab Owain

1135

Steffan becomes England’s King

1136

Richard fitz Gilbert de Clare killed

1137

d. Gruffydd ap Cynan

1149

Tomen y Rhoswydd castle is built

1153

Lord Rhys attacks St Clear’s Castle

1158

Lord Rhys captures Cardigan except for Cardigan Castle. A series of castles start to be built

1163

Owain Gwynedd pays homage at Woodstock

1165

July/August: Owain Gwynedd’s first letter to Louis VII dates back to this time

1167

Lord Rhys and Owain Gwynedd attack Owain Cyfeiliog

1170

d. Owain Gwynedd

1171

Gruffydd ap Cynan’s biography is written. Lord Rhys and King Harry II meet in Pembroke. Territories are given to Rhys

1176

Lord Rhys hosts the first Eisteddfod at Cardigan castle

1176

b. Llywelyn ap Iorwerth (Llywelyn Fawr)

1188

Lord Rhys welcomes Archbishop Baldwin and Gerallt Gymro. Llywelyn Fawr begins his campaign against his uncles

1194

Lord Rhys is captured and imprisoned by Gruffydd ap Rhys ap Hywel Sais’s sons. He was released before the end of the year

1197

d. Lord Rhys. Laid to rest at St Davids

1200s

Hywel Dda’s laws dates from this time

1201

Agreement between Llywelyn Fawr and King John

1204

Llywelyn Fawr weds Joan, King John’s daughter

1210

Llywelyn Fawr destroys Deganwy Castle

1216

Llywelyn Fawr and Welsh Assembly at Aberdovey

1221

Building work on Castle Bere begins

c.1225

b. Llywelyn ap Gruffydd (Llywelyn ein Llyw Olaf)

1237-1240

Llywelyn Fawr establishes a Francisian priory at Llan-faes

1238

Welsh princes pay homage at Ystrad Fflur abbey

1240

d. Llywelyn Fawr. Laid to rest at Aberconway abbey

1241

Dafydd ap Llywelyn surrenders Tegeingl to Harry III

1244

d.Gruffydd ap Llywelyn

1246

d.Dafydd ap Llywelyn

1270

Llywelyn destroys Caerphilly castle

1273

Llywelyn begins building Dolforwyn castle

1282

June: b. Gwenllian, Llywelyn’s daughter

1282

d.Llywelyn ap Gruffydd

1283

Gruffydd ab yr Ynad Coch writes elegy to Llywelyn ein Llyw Olaf

1369

Owain Lawgoch claims Gwynedd because of his connections with Llywelyn Fawr and Llywelyn ein Llyw Olaf

1372

Ieuan Wyn, Owain Lawgoch’s proctor, admits to receiving 4,000 gold francs as payment for Owain and his men in French campaigns against the English

1378

Owain Lawgoch is killed by John Lamb, Scotsman employed by England at Mortagne-sur-Mer blockade

1400

September 16: Owain Glyn Dwr announces that he is Wales’ prince at Glyndyfrdwy

1403

Shropshire battle

1404

Machynlleth assembly held

1406

Pennal letter sent

1410

Pardon given to Owain Glyn Dwr’s supporters by Harry IV